Superior  to  Hll  ©tbers 


FOR  VENTILATION  OF  . . 

Churches,  school  houses,  j 

PUBLIC  BUILDI NGS,  RESI-  T 
DENCES,  OUT -HOUSES  T 

ALSO  Q 

COTTON  AND  WOOLEN  MILLS,  A 

Carpet  and  Paper  Mills,  | 

MACHINE  SHOPS,  FOUND-  j 
RIES,  DYE  HOUSES.  MOROCCO  I 

Factori es,  etc. 


Handsome, 

Simple, 

Durable, 

AND 

Storm-proof, 


CHIMNEY  DRAUGHTS  INCREASED 


Sewer  and  Drain  Pipe  Ventilation 

Merchant  & Company,  me. 

PHILADELPHIA  CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 

BROOKLYN 


LONDON 


AVERY  LIBRARY 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


COPYRIGHTED  BY 

Merchant  & Co  INCORPORATED 
Phi  lade  lph i a 
1891 


Seventh  Edition. 


cbe  5<tai*  IDenttlatov 

♦ ♦ • ^ ^ 


N CALLING  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the 
Star  Ventilator , by  the  issue  of  this  little  book, 
our  idea  is  to  illustrate  not  only  the  ventilator 
but  its  practical  working  and  design. 

During  our  long  experience  with  ventilators  we 
have  not  only  tested  carefully  the  individual  merits  of 
each,  but  have  sold  some  of  those  best  known. 


We  feel,  therefore,  satisfied  that  the  position  we 
take  is  a correct  one,  when  we  recommend  the  use  of 
the  Star  Ventilator , which  we  guarantee  to  be  bettei 
than  an}-  other  ventilator  in  the  market. 


STAR^-> 

VENTILATOR 


W SiAK^  When  properly  applied  and  of 
the  right  capacity,  prevents  a 
downward  current,  creates 
an  upward  draught,  and  is  storm-proof. 

The  Star  Ventilator,  being  stationary,  is  acted 
upon  solely  by  the  natural  currents  of  air,  which, 
owing  to  the  internal  and  external  construction  of  the 
Ventilator,  produce  a vacuum,  which  simultaneously 
induces  an  upward  draught,  carrying  with  it  all  gas, 
smoke,  etc. 


4 


The  New  French  Hospital  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  showing  the  “Star  Ventilator”  in  position, 

1S2  Ventilators  having  been  used. 


Bases 


. ROR 


Chimney  Ventilators 


THERE  are  two  plans  of  attaching  the  “Star” 
Ventilator  to  a chimney,  both  of  which  are 
thoroughly  practical.  They  are  also  economical 
and  durable.  These  bases  are  of  heavy  galvanized 
sheet  iron,  and  made  to  fit  closely  to  the  chimney,  with 
either  an  inside  or  outside  flange.  The  box  attach- 
ments are  securely  riveted. 

It  will  be  observed  from  the  cut,  on  page  6,  that 
the  base  is  made  to  fit  over  the  entire  chimney,  making 
it  impossible  for  rain,  snow  or  dampness  to  get  on  the 
inside  of  the  flue. 

The  inside  flange  is  quite  as  effective,  as  may  be 
seen  by  the  cut  on  page  8. 

Great  care  should  be  used  in  measurement,  to  in- 
sure good  results. 


5 


Fac-Simile  of  “ Star  ” Ventilator  in  Position,  Showing 
the  Base  with  Outside  Flange. 


6 


TVe  here  submit  a table 
showing  the  Capacity  of  the  Different  Sizes 
of  the  “Star”  Ventilator 


Diameter 

Capacity 

Diameter 

Capacity 

2 inches 

4 sq.  inches 

10  inches 

78  sq.  inches 

2,54  “ 

6 “ 

12  “ 

US  “ 

0 1 ‘ 

3 

7 “ 

14 

154  “ 

0 1/  » 1 

J/2 

9 

16 

201 

4 

12 

18 

254  “ 

4^  “ 

16 

20 

314  “ 

5 

19 

24  “ 

452 

5/2  “ 

24 

30 

707 

6 

28 

36  “ 

101S 

/ 

38  “ 

40  “ 

1256 

8 

50  “ 

48  “ 

1809 

9 

63  “ 

60 

2827  “ 

The  “ Star  ” Ventilator,  owing  to  its  construction, 
has  a greater  exhaust  or  ventilating  area  than  any  other 
Ventilator  of  the  same  diameter,  and  is  absolutely 
storm-proof.  The  Ventilator,  however,  must  neces- 
sarily have  as  great  a capacity  as  the  flue  or  opening 
upon  which  it  is  placed.  For  instance,  if  a flue 
measures  8x12  inches,  inside  diameter,  nothing  less 
than  a 10-inch  Ventilator  should  be  used. 


Fitc-Simile  of  “Star”  Ventilator  in  Position,  the  Iiase 
having  an  Inside  Flange. 


8 


Where  a chimney  has  more  than  one  flue,  a sepa- 
rate ventilator  for  each  is  advisable.  While  two 
or  more  flues  may  be  covered  with  a large  base,  yet  a 
separate  pipe  should  be  made  for  each  flue,  making 
them  independent  of  each  other,  and  thereby  preventing 
gas  or  smoke  entering  one  from  the  other. 


six-  Star 

Ventilator 

We  commend  to  the  attention 
of  Architects,  Engineers  and 
Builders.  We  show  by  the 
various  cuts,  the  construction 
of  the  Ventilator,  and  its  ap- 
plication to  the  ridge  of  a roof 
or  to  a chimney  flue.  The 
shaft  or  stack  may  be  arranged 
to  suit  circumstances.  We  also 
show,  by  the  views  of  build- 
ings, the  appearance  of  the 
‘ 'Star'  ’ Ventilators  in  position, 
to  indicate  in  a small  measure 
the  range  of  uses  to  which  it 
is  applied. 


9 


For  the  ventilation  of  mills  and  all  similar  build- 
ings we  furnish,  if  desired,  base  attachments,  including 
dampers  having  brass  bearings,  with  cords. 


We  show  in  this  illustration  the  application  of  the 
“ Star  ” Ventilator  on  a locomotive  round-house.  They 
are  made  of  heavy  material,  with  base  complete,  ready 
to  put  on  the  building.  We  also  supply  these  Venti- 
lators in  Copper. 

ROUND  HOUSE  VENTILATORS  A SPECIALTY 


IO 


m UQ|]|j|g|gr  is  used  for  ventilating  Factories, 
Weave-sheds  and  Stock-rooms. 
The  accompanying  view  represents  the  Ventilators 
on  the  roof  of  a monitor,  suggesting  good  and  sufficient 
ventilation  when  the  swing  sashes  are  closed,  as  in 
winter. 


The  “Star”  Ventilator  is  designed  to  take  the 
place  of  monitors,  and  are  placed  along  the  ridge  of 
main  roof,  ventilating  the  entire  building,  avoiding  the 
many  disadvantages  of  window  ventilation  during 
heavy  storms. 


The  application  of  the  “Star”  Ventilator  for 
churches  and  school-houses  is  here  illustrated.  It  is  a 
well-known  fact  that  the  question  of  ven- 
tilation for  such  buildings  has  long  since 


The  following:  unsolicited  letter  speaks  for  itself  regarding  the 
merits  of  the  “ STAR  ” Ventilator. 


THI<  musical  fund  hall 


No  8Qy  LOCI: ST  STREET 


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/{H44. Z-Za Zun : fund  c/r  &6v-i4  Civd Zf 

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13 


View^Star»  Ventilators  m use  on 

Electric  Power  Station,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


14 


[copy] 

Albany,  N.  A'.,  May  i6tli,  1S89. 
Messrs.  Merchant  & Co.,  Philadelphia. 

Dear  Sirs  : — I send  you, with  pleasure,  check  for  the  amount 
of  your  bill  dated  May  6th.  Your  “ Star”  Ventilators  work  well. 
I shall  send  for  more  and  use  them  whenever  needed. 

Yours  very  truly, 

[signed]  A.  FLEISCHMAN,  Architect. 


[copy] 

Office  of  Supt.  Jersey  City  Ferries,  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co 

Jersey  City,  Jan.  7th,  1S90. 
Messrs.  Merchant  & ( o.,  Philadelphia. 

Gents: — Your  favor  of  yesterday  received,  and  in  answer 
thereto  would  say' that  the  7-inch  "Star”  Ventilator  cap  you 
sent  was  put  on  the  top  of  chimney'  of  my  residence  at  128 
Prince  St.,  Bordentown.  Previous  to  putting  it  on  the  chimney 
did  not  draw  well,  and  when  the  wind  was  in  a certain  direction 
would  blow  down  the  pipe,  driving  the  gas  out  into  the  room, 
and  at  night  the  air  valve  in  the  pipe  had  to  be  kept  closed  to 
keep  the  fire  over  night.  But  since  the  Cap  was  put  on,  we 
have  all  the  draught  we  need  ; and  let  the  wind  blow  from  any 
point  of  the  compass,  it  never  blows  the  gas  down,  and  the  air 
valve  has  to  be  left  open  at  night  to  keep  the  fire  from  burning 
itself  out.  So  you  see,  from  the  above  facts,  that  the  Cap  has 
done  all  that  you  claim  for  it,  and  I would  recommend  its  use 
to  any'  one  in  need  or  an  auxiliary'  draught. 

Yours  truly', 

[signed]  ROBERT  BLOOMSBURG. 


15 


i6 


( Complete  with  Bases  and  Dampers  ) 
Qn  Qar  for  Shipment 


MERCHANT’S 

Combination 
Skylight 
“Star” 

Ventilator 

IS  AN  IMPROVEMENT 

It  is  not  a compromise 
between  a first-class  venti- 
lator and  a very  poor  sky- 
light, but  the  best  of  both. 

It  supplies  a need  that  has 
been  felt  for  years,  and  is 
the  only  Ventilator  of  its 
kind. 

You  can  pay  as  much  for 
a ventilator  that  does  not 
ventilate  as  for  one  that 
does. 

The  metal  top  ‘'STAR” 
has  always  ventilated  thoroughly,  and  the  introduction  of  the  skylight 
feature  sacrifices  none  of  its  ventilating  qualities.  The  full  capacity  of  ven- 
tilation is  given  without  interference  with  the  light. 

THE  ONLY  DIFFERENCE  between  the  Combination  Skylight  “STAR” 
Ventilator  and  the  original  metal-top  “STAR”  is  in  the  glass  top.  Every- 
thing else  is  the  same.  The  thickness  of  glass  varies  with  the  size  of  the 
Ventilator,  and  provision  for  shedding  water,  snow,  etc.,  has  been  made. 

Something  of  this  sort  has  been  needed  in  numerous  cases  and  Architects 
and  Builders  will  at  once  recognize  in  the  new  Ventilator  a valuable  im- 
provement over  the  old  system.  Everything  to  insure  HYGIENIC  PRIN= 
CIPLES  demand  light  as  well  as  air,  and  the  combination  of  perfect  venti 
lation  with  plenty  of  light  has  thus  been  provided  for,  and  the  usual  care 
in  manufacture,  superiority  of  material  and  general  excellence  of  the 
•original  “ STAR  ” Ventilator  is  assured. 

PRICES  ON  APPLICATION. 


17 


iS 


\ iew  ot  McNeely  <S:  Co.’s  Morocco  Factory,  Sixth  and  Columbia  Ave. , Philadelphia, 
showing  position  of  1 8-inch  Star  Ventilators. 


PR  ICE  LIST 


. . OF  . . 

Star  ★ Ventilators 


GA L,  VA  NIZBI)  IRON 


Pi'ice  List. 


2 inch 

....  $1 

00 

10 

inch  . . . 

. . S 5 75 

24 

inch  . . 

. . $10  00 

*A  “ ■ 

....  1 

00 

11 

. . 6 20 

26 

...  50  00 

3 

. . . . 1 

70 

12 

6 75 

28 

O 

O 

3'A  “ 

. . 1 

50 

13 

. . 9 00 

30 

. . . 65  00 

■1 

. . . . 1 

75 

14 

. . 13  00 

32 

...  SO  00 

4’A  “ 

....  2 

00 

15 

. . 16  00 

34 

...  100  00 

5 " 

....  2 

50 

16 

. . 20  00 

36 

. .120  00 

5 <A  “ 

. . 2 

85 

17 

. . 23  00 

40 

...  180  00 

(i  “ 

....  3 

40 

18 

. . 27  00 

44 

. . . 200  00 

7 “ 

....  4 

00 

19 

. . 30  00 

48 

. . . 240  00 

8 

....  4 

65 

20 

. . 33  00 

54 

...  300  00 

9 

....  5 

20 

22 

. . 36  00 

60 

. . . 360  00 

DISCOUNT  UPON  APPLICATION 


Bases  can  be  made  to  fit  any  roof  or  chimney,  either 
square  or  oblong.  The  price  of  the  bases  is  extra , 
according  to  size  and  quantity. 

We  furnish  dampers,  if  wanted,  thereby  regulating 
the  draught. 

Special  prices  on  the  Combination  Skylight  Star 
Ventilators  named  on  application. 


19 


Merchant’s 


is  designed  expressly  to  meet  a requirement  among  Architects 
and  others  who  have  discarded  the  ordinary  Tin  Shingles  on 

account  of  the  absence 
of  ornamentation  and 
bold  appearance,  such 
as  we  have  endeavored 
to  make  prominent  in 

. . CIMs  . . 

iRew  Sbingle 

avoiding  the  monot- 
ony of  flat  Shingles 
or  Slates. 


AN  IMPORTANT  FEATURE 

in  our  new  “ Gothic  ” Shingle  aside  from  the  storm-prooflock, 
is  that  the  sheets  are  first  a imped,  giving  the  Shingles  strength 
and  rigidity,  as  well  as  the  ornamentation  possessed  by  no  other 
Shingle  on  the  market. 

WE  HAVE  TWO  SIZES 

viz:  10x14"  and  14x20",  manufactured  of  Copper  and  lin 
(Roofing  Plates)  of  various  grades  ; also  of  Galvanized  Steel. 

PRICES  NAMED  ON  APPLICATION 

HERCHANT  & CO.,  - 

Sole  Hanufacturei  s 


New 


York 


Philadelphia 


20 


Brooklyn 


Chicago 


©it  September  23b,  1895 

THE  UNITED  STATES 
GOVERNMENT 

broadly  distributed  specifications 
for  Roofing  Tin,  to  be  placed  on 
the  new  GOVERNMENT  PRINT- 
ING OFFICE,  as  follows: 

“ The  United  States  desires  only  the  best  quality  of  dipped 
roofing  plates,  and  samples  showing  surface  imperfections  or 
irregularities  in  size,  weight  or  shape  will  be  rejected.  Com- 
parative tests  will  be  made  for  weight,  ductility,  uniformity  of 
plates  and  thickness  and  quality  of  coating  ; all  of  which  as 
well  as  prices,  will  be  considered  in  awarding  the  contract.” 

‘‘Each  bid  must  be  accompanied  by  a full  sample  box  and 
must  state  the  brand  and  the  average  net  weight  per  box  of  the 
roofing  plates  offered.  No  quantity  less  than  a full  box  will  be 
received  as  a sample,  and  unsuccessful  bidders  can  remove  their 
samples  as  soon  as  contract  is  awarded.” 

Under  these  rigid  specifications,  examination  and 
tests  were  made  by  a Committee,  who 
awarded  the  contract  to  f 

Merchant  & Co., 

INCORPORATED 

Further  comment  on  the  SUPER- 
IORITY of  our  Roofing  Plates 

IS  UNNECESSARY-*— ' — .... 


Large  stocks  of  our  High  Grade  PUUsftA're  carried  in 

Philadelphia,  Chicago,  New  York,  Brooklyn,  New  Or= 
leans,  Boston  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A WORD  ABOUT 

^ — ' 


flercbint's  (Detil 
"Spinisb”  Tiles 


WE  HAVE  THREE  DISTINCT 
SIZES  FOR  STRAIGHT 
SURFACES,  viz, 

7x10/'  10x14,"  14x20," 

. . AS  WELL  AS  A . . 

Special 

(Srafcuatefc  CUe 

FOR  CONICAL  SURFACES 

SEND  FOR  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  * 

BUILDINGS  COVERED 

Patented  January  3,  1894 


HIGH  GRADE  ROOFING  PLATES 

“Merchant’s  Roofing,”  “Alaska” 

Extra  Heavily  Coated  Heavily  Coated 

COATED  BY  THE  PURE  PALM  OIL  PROCESS 
SUPERIOR  TO  ANY  OF  THEIR  CLASS  (TANUFACTURED . 

flERCH^NT  & Co.,  Inc. 

PHILADELPHIA,  517  Arch  St.  HEW  YORK,  245-247  Water  St. 

CHICAGO,  202  Lake  St.  BR00KLYH,  584  Flushing  Ave. 


